Diesel jenareta seti inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: injini uye alternator

Injini Diesel injini inopisa mafuta edhiziri kuti iwane kuburitswa kwesimba. Zvakanakira injini yedhiziri isimba rakakura uye kuita kwakanaka kwehupfumi. Kushanda kweinjini yedhiziri kwakafanana neinjini yepeturu. Kutenderera kwega kwega kwekushanda kunoenda nepakati ina: kutora, kumanikidza, kushanda, uye kupera simba. Asi nekuda kwekuti mafuta anoshandiswa muinjini dzedhiziri idhiziri, viscosity yaro yakakura kupfuura peturu, uye haisi nyore kubuda, uye tembiricha yekupisa kwayo yakaderera pane peturu. Nokudaro, kuumbwa uye kupisa kwemusanganiswa unopisa zvakasiyana nejini dzepeturu. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti musanganiswa uri muhumburumbira weinjini yedhiziri inobatidzwa-inobatidzwa pachinzvimbo chekubatidzwa. Kana injini yedhiziri ichishanda, mhepo inopinda muhumburumbira. Kana mhepo iri muhumburumbira yakamanikidzwa kusvika kumagumo, tembiricha inogona kusvika 500-700 madhigirii celsius, uye kumanikidza kunogona kusvika 40-50 atmospheres. Kana pisitoni iri pedyo nepamusoro penzvimbo yakafa, pombi inotsikirira painjini inopinza dhiziri mucylinder pakumanikidzwa kukuru. Iyo dhiziri inoumba yakaisvonaka mafuta particles, ayo akavhenganiswa nepamusoro-kudzvinyirira uye kutonhora kwemhepo. Panguva ino, tembiricha inogona kusvika 1900-2000 madhigirii Celsius, uye kumanikidza kunogona kusvika 60-100 atmospheres, iyo inobereka simba rakawanda.

Iyo jenareta injini yedhiziri inoshanda, uye iyo inorovera papiston inoshandurwa kuita simba rinotyaira crankshaft kuti itenderere kuburikidza netambo yekubatanidza, nekudaro ichityaira crankshaft kutenderera. Injini yedhiziri inotyaira jenareta kuti ishande, ichishandura simba redhiziri kuita simba remagetsi.

Iyo alternator yakaiswa coaxially ne crankshaft yejini dizeli, uye rotor yejenereta inogona kufambiswa nekutenderera kweinjini yedhiziri. Uchishandisa iyo musimboti we 'electromagnetic induction', jenareta inoburitsa induced electromotive simba, iyo inogona kuburitsa ikozvino kuburikidza neyakavharwa mutoro wedunhu. piri. Six injini dizeli masisitimu: 1. Lubrication system; 2. Fuel system; 3. Kutonhodza system; 4. Kupinza uye exhaust system; 5. Kudzora system; 6. Kutanga hurongwa.

[1] Lubrication system anti-friction (high-speed kutenderera kwe crankshaft, kana kamwe kushaya mafuta, shaft inonyungudutswa nekukasika, uye piston nepiston ring zvinodzorera nekumhanya kukuru mucylinder. se 17-23m / s, izvo zviri nyore kukonzera kupisa uye kudhonza cylinder. ) Deredza simba rekushandisa uye kuderedza kupera uye kubvarura kwezvikamu zvemagetsi. Iyo ine zvakare mabasa ekutonhodza, kuchenesa, kuisa chisimbiso, uye anti-oxidation uye corrosion.

Lubrication system kugadzirisa? Tarisa huwandu hwemafuta svondo rega rega kuti uchengetedze mwero wemafuta chaiwo; mushure mekutanga injini, tarisa kuti mafuta emafuta akajairika. ? Tarisa huwandu hwemafuta gore rega rega kuti uchengetedze mwero wemafuta chaiwo; tarisa kana kudzvanywa kwemafuta kwakajairika mushure mekutanga injini; tora sampuli yemafuta uye wotsiva mafuta nemafuta sefa. ? Tarisa huwandu hwemafuta zuva rega rega. ? Tora sampuli dzemafuta maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ega ega, wozotsiva sefa yemafuta nemafuta. ? Chenesa crankcase breather maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ega ega. ? Tarisa huwandu hweoiri yeinjini mukrankcase uye chengetedza mwero wemafuta pakati pe "plus" uye "full" mamaki padivi re "injini yekumira" yeoiri dipstick. ? Tarisa zvikamu zvinotevera zvekuvuza: crankshaft seal, crankcase, mafuta sefa, mafuta passage plug, sensor uye chivharo chevhavha.

[2] Iyo mafuta system inopedzisa kuchengetedza, kusefa uye kuendesa mafuta. Chigadzirwa chekupa mafuta: tangi yedhiziri, pombi yemafuta, dhiziri sefa, jekiseni remafuta, nezvimwe.

Fuel system kugadzirisa Tarisa kuti majoini emutsetse wemafuta akasununguka here kana kuti ari kubuda. Iva nechokwadi chekupa mafuta kune injini. Zadza tangi yemafuta nemafuta mavhiki maviri ega ega; tarisa kana kufurirwa kwemafuta kwakajairika mushure mekutanga injini. Tarisa uone kana kufurirwa kwemafuta kwakajairika mushure mekutanga injini; zadza tangi yemafuta nemafuta mushure mekunge injini yamira kushanda. Bvisa mvura netsvina kubva mutangi remafuta ega ega maawa 250 Tsiva dhiziri yakanaka sefa maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ega ega.

[3] Kutonhodza sisitimu Iyo jenareta yedhiziri inogadzira tembiricha yakakwira nekuda kwekupisa kwedhiziri uye kukwesha kwezvikamu zvinofamba panguva yekushanda. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvinopisa zveinjini yedhiziri uye iyo supercharger shell haikanganisike nekupisa kwakanyanya, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuzora kweimwe neimwe inoshanda nzvimbo, Inofanirwa kunyoroveswa muchikamu chinopisa. Kana jenareta redhiziri risina kutonhora uye tembiricha yezvikamu zvakanyanyisa, zvinokonzeresa kukundikana. Zvikamu zvejenereta dizeli hazvifaniri kunge zvakanyanyisa, uye kutonhora kwezvikamu zvakaderera zvikuru kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa.

Kutonhora kwegadziriro yekugadzirisa? Tarisa nhanho inotonhorera zuva rega rega, wedzera inotonhorera kana ichidikanwa? Tarisa huwandu hwerust inhibitor mune inotonhorera maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ega ega, wedzera rust inhibitor pazvinenge zvichidikanwa? Chenesa iyo yese yekutonhodza sisitimu maawa mazana matatu ega ega uye wotsiva neinotonhorera nyowani? Tarisa mwero wekutonhodza vhiki nevhiki kuti uchengetedze mwero wekutonhodza chaiwo. ? Tarisa kuti pane kudonha kwepombi gore rega rega, tarisa kuungana kweanti-rust agent muinotonhodza, uye wedzera anti-rust agent pazvinenge zvakakodzera. ? Bvisa chinotonhorera makore matatu ega ega, chenesa uye bvisa inotonhorera system; tsiva tembiricha regulator; tsiva hose yerabha; zadzazve gadziriro yekutonhodza neinotonhodza.

[4] Kupinza uye kubudisa hurongwa Kutora uye kupera kwejini injini yedhiziri kunosanganisira kupinza uye kupera kwepombi, mafirita emhepo, misoro yecylinder, uye kupinza uye kupedza ndima muvhavhavhavha. Kuchengetedzwa kwekutora uye exhaust system Tarisa iyo air filter chiratidzo vhiki nevhiki, uye shandura iyo mhepo sefa kana chikamu chitsvuku chinoratidza. Tsiva sefa yemhepo gore rega rega; tarisa / gadzirisa kubviswa kwevhavha. Tarisa iyo air filter chiratidzo zuva rega rega. Chenesa / tsiva sefa yemhepo maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ega ega. Kana jenareta itsva seti ichishandiswa kwemaawa 250 kekutanga, inodiwa kutarisa / kugadzirisa iyo valve clearance.

[5] Kudzora system mafuta jekiseni kutonga, Idle kumhanya kudzora, kutora kudzora, kuwedzera kudzora, emission control, kutanga kutonga.

Kutadza kuzviongorora uye kudzivirira kutadza, Yakabatanidzwa kutonga kweinjini yedhiziri uye otomatiki kutapurirana, Kudzora jekiseni remafuta: Kudzora jekiseni remafuta kunonyanya kusanganisira: kugovera mafuta (jekiseni) kutonga, kupihwa kwemafuta (jekiseni) kutonga nguva, kupihwa kwemafuta (jekiseni) chiyero chekudzora uye mafuta jekiseni pressure control, etc.

Idle kumhanya kudzora: Iyo isingaite yekumhanyisa kudzora kweinjini yedhiziri inonyanya kusanganisira kutonga kwekumhanya kweidling uye kufanana kwecylinder imwe neimwe panguva yeidling.

Kudzora kudzora: Iyo yekutora kutonga kweinjini yedhiziri inonyanya kusanganisira yekudzora throttle control, inochinja-chinja yekutora swirl control uye variable valve timing control.

Supercharging control: Iyo supercharging control yeinjini yedhiziri inonyanya kudzorwa neECU zvinoenderana nedhiziri injini yekumhanyisa chiratidzo, siginecha yekuremerwa, inosimudzira kudzvanywa chiratidzo, nezvimwewo, nekudzora kuvhurwa kwevhavhavha yemarara kana kona yejekiseni yemhepo inopera. jekiseni, uye turbocharger turbine inopedza gasi inlet Matanho akadai sehukuru hwechikamu-chikamu anogona kuona kutonga kwenzvimbo yekushanda uye kuwedzera kudzvanywa kweiyo epoust gasi turbocharger, kuitira kuvandudza torque hunhu hweinjini yedhiziri, kuvandudza kukurumidza kuita, uye kuderedza kuburitsa uye ruzha.

Emission control: Iyo emission control yeinjini dzedhiziri inonyanya kupera gasi recirculation (EGR) control. Iyo ECU inonyanya kudzora EGR vharafu kuvhurwa zvinoenderana nechirongwa chekurangarira zvinoenderana nekumhanya kweinjini yedhiziri uye chiratidzo chekuremedza kugadzirisa chiyero cheEGR.

Kutanga kutonga: Diesel injini yekutanga kutonga inonyanya kusanganisira mafuta ekupa (jekiseni) kudzora, mafuta ekupa (jekiseni) kudzora nguva, uye preheating mudziyo kutonga. Pakati pavo, mafuta ekugovera (jekiseni) kutonga uye mafuta ekupa (jekiseni) nguva yekutonga inowirirana nemamwe maitiro. Mamiriro acho akafanana.

Kutadza kuzviongorora uye kutadza kudzivirira: Iyo dhiziri yemagetsi control system inewo maviri ma subsystems: kuzviongorora uye kutadza kudzivirira. Kana iyo dhiziri yemagetsi control system ikatadza, iyo yekuzviongorora inovhenekera iyo "fault indicator" pane chiridzwa chiridzwa kuti chiyeuchidze mutyairi kuti ateerere, uye chengetedza kukanganisa kodhi. Panguva yekugadzirisa, kodhi yemhosva uye mamwe mashoko anogona kutorwa kuburikidza nemamwe maitiro ekushanda; panguva imwe; Iyo yekutadza-yakachengeteka sisitimu inoita kuti inoenderana nedziviriro chirongwa, kuitira kuti mafuta edhiziri arambe achimhanya kana kumanikidzwa kumira.

Yakabatanidzwa kutonga kweinjini yedhiziri uye otomatiki kutapurirana: Pamotokari dzedhiziri dzakashongedzerwa nemagetsi inodzorwa otomatiki, iyo dizeli injini inodzora ECU uye otomatiki transmission control ECU inosanganiswa kuti ione kutonga kwakazara kweinjini yedhiziri uye otomatiki kutapurirana kuvandudza mashandiro emotokari. .

[6] Iyo yekubatsira maitiro ekutanga-up system uye basa reiyo injini yedhiziri zvishandiso zvinopedza simba. Kuita shanduko yeinjini kubva panzvimbo yakamira kuenda kune inoshanda, crankshaft yeinjini inofanira kutanga yatenderedzwa nesimba rekunze kuita kuti piston idzoke, uye musanganiswa unobvira muhumburumbira unopiswa. Kuwedzera kunoshanda uye kunosundira piston pasi kuti itenderere crankshaft. Injini inogona kumhanya yega, uye kutenderera kwebasa kunogona kuenderera otomatiki. Naizvozvo, hurongwa hwese kubva pakatanga crankshaft kutenderera pasi pekuita kwesimba rekunze kusvika injini yatanga kusaita otomatiki inonzi kutanga kweinjini. Tarisa usati watanga jenareta · Fuel check Tarisa kana majoini emutsetse wemafuta asina kusimba uye kuti pane kuvuza here. Iva nechokwadi chekupa mafuta kune injini. Uye inodarika 2/3 yechiyero chakazara. Iyo lubrication system (tarisa mafuta) inotarisa mwero weoiri mu crankcase yeinjini, uye inochengeta mwero wemafuta pa "ADD" uye "FULL" ye "injini kumira" pane dipstick yemafuta. Maka pakati. ·Antifreeze liquid level check .Battery voltage check Bhatiri harina kubuda uye simba rebhatiri riri 25-28V. Iyo jenareta inobuda switch yakavharwa.